34 Weeks Pregnant Baby in the 34th Percentile
Intrauterine growth brake, or IUGR, only means that a infant is not growing well in the womb. It is often defined as a fetal weight lower than the tenth percentile for a particular gestational age. IUGR is also sometimes referred to every bit pocket-size for gestational age, or SGA, or fetal growth restriction.
There are many possible causes for this happening, and different chance factors as well, those factors that increase the risk that a child will not develop well.
The consequences of IUGR are too varied, and cognitive palsy is a possible complication. IUGR is considered a risk factor for cognitive palsy. Not every baby who is minor for its gestational age will develop cerebral palsy, simply information technology does increase the chance.
Understanding how and why IUGR occurs helps mothers and doctors forbid it and reduce the risk of cerebral palsy.
What is IUGR?
IUGR occurs when a fetus does non develop and grow as information technology should. Doctors can utilize ultrasound images to determine the size and approximate weight of a fetus and determine if it is growing appropriately or if it has IUGR. [1] If the weight of a infant is lower than the tenth percentile for its gestational age, the babe is considered not to be growing equally it should.
At that place are two basic types of IUGR. Primary, or symmetric, IUGR occurs when all the organs in the developing fetus are as well modest. In asymmetric, or secondary, IUGR the head and encephalon development to normal size, but the abdomen is too small. This is more common than symmetric IUGR. Symmetric IUGR is more than normally associated with agin neurological outcomes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Why IUGR happens is not ever known. A baby may be growing poorly, but doctors may non be able to pinpoint the verbal reason. At that place are many potential causes every bit well as risk factors that make it more probable a infant will struggle to grow and develop.
Take a chance factors that may contribute to the poor growth of a fetus include smoking, drug utilize, or alcohol abuse by the mother. Other wellness issues in the mother that may contribute to IUGR include heart disease, high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, rubella, kidney illness, and cytomegalovirus. [2]
A documented cause of IUGR is when the fetus does not go acceptable nutrition or oxygen from the placenta. This may exist from maternal health conditions such every bit diabetes, poor weight gain, or drug/ alcohol use.
It can too occur as a effect of the mother having depression oxygen levels as a upshot of beingness at a high altitude or having a low claret count (anemia). Information technology can be caused by a multiple pregnancy, placental complications, or preeclampsia. Infections in the mother may also cause IUGR, especially rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus.
There may besides exist chromosome abnormalities or nascence defects that cause a baby to fail to develop normally in the womb.
Treating IUGR
If a doctor determines that a baby is non developing or growing enough, how it is treated depends on the gestational age and the cause. If depression oxygen levels are present the doctor volition endeavour to treat.
If in that location are placental factors present a mother may need to increase her fluid and nutrients intake. According to the National Institutes of Wellness (NIH), "injection of nutrients to the fetuses through intravascular port-system improved placental perfusion and metabolism." [iii]
A fetus that is 34 weeks or more forth may be a good candidate for early on delivery.
The mother can be induced to start labor or a Cesarean department may be performed. If the fetus is less than 34 weeks, the doctor is most likely to continue to monitor the situation and determine at 34 weeks if early commitment is necessary.
Complications of IUGR
IUGR must be taken seriously considering a fetus that is non growing normally could end up with serious wellness complications. IUGR tin even lead to the baby's death either in the womb or shortly afterwards nascence.
Babies that are IUGR are at a greater risk of having depression blood saccharide at the fourth dimension of birth, at having a lower resistance to infections, of being able to maintain adequate body temperature, of existence able to cope with the stress of vaginal delivery, and of having a high red blood prison cell count.
IUGR and Cerebral Palsy
IUGR, compared to appropriate for gestational babies, may lead to a small head size which is associated with a 5 – 10 times risk of neurological complications. Another very important potential complication of IUGR is a lack of oxygen to the baby as it is being born.
This, in turn, tin crusade encephalon damage and cerebral palsy. Not all babies born with a small size will experience brain impairment and develop cerebral palsy, but it is an increased possible risk.
Backing up the evidence that IUGR can put a baby at risk for cerebral palsy is the reverse statistic: babies a trivial bit larger than boilerplate for their gestational age are less probable to accept cerebral palsy.
Research as well suggests that the lower the baby'due south weight or size due to IUGR, the greater the risk of developing cerebral palsy that is more severe. Male person babies also seem to be at a greater gamble of having cognitive palsy as a result of IUGR. In some cases, in that location is a question of whether irksome growth causes brain damage and cerebral palsy or whether some brain harm has occurred that results in IUGR.
Preventing IUGR and Cognitive Palsy
Information technology is important to understand the risk factors and causes of IUGR to take appropriate steps to try to preclude information technology and to in plow forestall cognitive palsy. Even with preventative measures, a fetus may not develop usually, just the more than risk factors can exist eliminated, the ameliorate.
This means a mother should maintain her own health as much as possible, avoiding drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol, getting practiced nutrition and seeing her doctor regularly to be screened and treated for the health problems that may contribute to IUGR, like preeclampsia. [4]
It is as well crucial to monitor the fetus during pregnancy. If the doctor can pinpoint a problem in growth before it proceeds to rapidly, steps may exist taken that reverse the risks and help the fetus grow and develop.
Negligence may exist involved in cases in which a doctor fails to monitor the developing fetus and does not notice that it is not growing normally.
There are instances in which a fetus does non develop normally and it is no ane's fault. The female parent and her medical team may have washed everything correct, and all the same the baby does not grow normally. On the other hand, enough is known about IUGR and its take chances factors and causes and how to monitor for it that doctors should be able to screen a mother for the normal growth of her fetus.
If you believe your infant did not develop normally, was too pocket-sized for its gestational age, and that your child now has cognitive palsy because your dr. did not make the right choices during your pregnancy and labor, you may have a case for medical malpractice.
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Folio Medically Reviewed and Edited by Pat Bass, M.D.
Source: https://www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/cerebral-palsy/risk-factors/intrauterine-growth-restriction/
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